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Detector of bubbles in blood
Foltýn, Vojtěch ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
ABSTRAKT This thesis is the theoretical part deals with various ways of cleansing the blood, with a focus on hem dialysis. Describes the technical solution and monitor the dialysis flow diagram of blood and dialysate. The paper describes various solutions to detect bubbles in the blood and their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the best method of detection are designed detector bubbles. Working in the practical part contains a proposal detector set for venous diameter of 20 mm. Equipment to detect bubbles allows for connection to a blood pump discontinue its activities. Output works are drawing diagrams, printed circuit board design and implementation of graphs circuits.
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Dialysis pump
Švagera, Roman ; Rudolf, Pavel (referee) ; Fialová, Simona (advisor)
Dialysis is still very important treatment process today which needs to be constantly improved. This thesis focuses on the development of a pump for dialysis units, specifically on the pressure pulsations reduction in the rotary peristaltic pump. Using experiments, the problem of peristaltic pumps is explained. With the computational modelling there are proposed design modifications leading to the pressure pulsations reduction.
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Peristaltic pump
Burda, Radim ; Fialová, Simona (referee) ; Pochylý, František (advisor)
Cílem této diplomové práce je navrhnout peristaltické čerpadlo pro hemodialýzu s ohledem na minimalizaci tlakových pulzací. Pomocí analytické analýzy je navržen nový koncept redukce tlakových pulzací, který využívá zrychlení k navýšení tlaku v prostoru mezi válečky. Fungování peristaltického čerpadla je simulováno pomocí programu Ansys Fluent pro získání lepší představy o proudění v čerpadle. Souběžně s návrhem nového konceptu bylo navrženo více tradiční čerpadlo, které bylo následně vyrobeno a experimentálně odzkoušeno. Data získaná z experimentu mohou být dále použita pro nový koncept.
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Design of Dialysis Machine
Zagidullina, Siumbel ; Paliatka, Peter (referee) ; Sládek, Josef (advisor)
The topic of this diploma thesis is the design of a device for dialysis, which is intended for medical institutions. During this thesis existing products were analyzed from the design and technical side. Also was achieved an understanding of the problem of existing dialysis devices. The result is a new conceptual solution with an emphasis on creating clean forms of equipment and taking into ergonomic, technical and aesthetic requirements.
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Measurements of permeability of dialysis membranes
Veselá, Martina ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Familiarization with dialysis theoretical principles and determination of dialysis membrane permeability with the help of experimentally assembled apparatus is the aim of this bachelor thesis. The introduction part deals with basic knowledge concerning treatment with dialysis and its current quality. There continues a chapter stating an overview of dialysis membranes different types and main characteristics of individual materials, which the membranes were made of and which they are produced now. Theoretical preparation for the practical part of the thesis clarifies the basic notions, principals and processes connected with the mass transfer through dialysis membranes and dialysis. Further on, theoretical process is described and phrased how to determine dialysis membranes permeability in a laboratory scale in an experimental way. Two possible configurations of experimental apparatus are illustrated with block schemes working either in a non-stationary or a stationary regime of measurement. The basis to determine membrane permeability is sampling in specified time intervals from blood and dialyze side and spectrophotometric detection of samples concentration. The practical part itself is preceded with the process with collected samples analysis. Then, it is followed with relations derivation for mass transfer coefficient calculation. Concentration progress on blood and dialyze side with non-stationary way of measurement is modelled in Simulink programme. The practical part of the thesis uses the mentioned above theoretical knowledge and assumptions and it realises concrete measurements in non-stationary regime. Evaluating part of the thesis documents the obtained results and assesses them with the help of derived equations. The whole process of measurement including obtained results is evaluated and discussed in the final part.
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Quality of life of patients after kidney transplantation
Nováková, Monika ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Quality of life in patients after kidney transplant" deals with issue of patient´s quality of livfe before and after transplantation. The objective of this thesis was to map quality of life before and after kidney transplantation in several dimensions - physical functioning, physical limitation, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional issues and mental health. In theoretial section is presented overview of kidney diseasees, proces of transplantation and quality of life. In empirical section are presented methods of data collection, realisation of survey and results of this investigation. Chosen Method was standardized questionaire SF-36 supplemented with soci-demographic and health related information questionaire devised by autor. It was distributed among patients of nefrological ambulantory practice in IKEM which underwent kidney transplantation. Results: Quality of life of patients after udergoing tranplantation of kidney was better then before transplantationin these areas: perception of one`s own health, walking up the stirs one and more floors, walking hundred meters, managing worload, lesser difficulities in activities of daily living. Pain was lesser obstacle in managing work. Positive shift occured in feeling of pep, nervousness, depression, calm and peace,...
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Nursing care of a patient with a hemodialysis catheter in a chronic dialysis program
Horniková, Renata ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the treatment of hemodialysis catheters. A hemodialysis catheter is an integral part of every elimination method, and without a functional hemodialysis catheter, hemodialysis is not possible. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to find out whether and how care for hemodialysis catheters differs at individual workplaces. The theoretical part of the thesis presents knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys, pathophysiology of the kidneys, elimination methods, vascular approaches and specifically describes hemodialysis catheters and their nursing care. The empirical part of the work presents the results of our own questionnaire survey, which took place at selected workplaces of the Motol University Hospital and at selected Fresenius Medical Care centers. The target group of respondents were nurses working at these workplaces. At the end of the investigation, 75 duly completed questionnaires were included in the statistical data processing. The obtained data are presented in pie and bar graphs and tables, and these data are subsequently compared with hypotheses oriented to the type of workplace and the level of education of the respondents. The results of the questionnaire survey revealed that there were statistically significant differences,...
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Emotional experience in patients with chronic renal failure
Unzeitigová, Aneta ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the emotional experience of patients with chronic renal failure. It aims to explore positive and negative emotional experiences, the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, the degree of anger and alexithymia in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The theoretical part summarizes previously published theoretical knowledge in this area and the empirical part describes the statistical measurement and comparison of selected variables of emotional experience in the research sample. The theoretical part is divided into 4 chapters, the first of them deals with the medical aspects of chronic renal failure and its treatment. The second chapter deals with the coping with illness, defines psychological aspects of chronic disease and describes the patient's subjective perception of the disease and attitudes towards the disease. The third chapter summarizes the definitions of emotions and emotional experience and defines the most respected theories of emotion. The fourth chapter describes the emotional experiences of illness, factors affecting the emotional experience of illness and deals with depression, anxiety, anger and alexithymia, at the end focuses on current research in this area. The empirical part is devoted to the empirical investigation of...
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The needs of patients in the dialysis program and the role of the nurse in this issue
CHYTRÁČKOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the needs of patients in a dialysis program and the role of the nurse in this issue. Two objectives were established for this bachelor's thesis: To map the needs of patients in a dialysis program, and to determine the role of the nurse in patients undergoing dialysis. The work is divided into a theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part, the anatomy of the kidneys is briefly described, as well as the reasons for kidney failure. Subsequently, various elimination methods are described and explained, along with nutritional and exercise measures. The transplantation procedure is also briefly described. Attention is paid to the needs of patients, nursing care, and education. The empirical part was processed using qualitative research through semi-structured interviews focused on patients undergoing dialysis and nurses working in the dialysis center. The research sample consisted of 13 patients and 9 nurses. To achieve the set objectives, five research questions were created: What are the bio-psycho-social-spiritual needs of patients in a dialysis program? How does dialysis treatment affect patients' lives? What is the level of patient education before starting dialysis treatment? What is the role of the nurse in satisfying the needs of patients in a dialysis program? What is the role of the nurse in providing information to patients in a dialysis program? Our research has shown that dialysis generally has a negative impact on the quality of life of most of our respondents. Respondents are most negatively affected by thirst, the time demands of dialysis, poor sleep quality, changes in social needs, and overall fatigue after dialysis. Additionally, our research has shown that nurses in the dialysis center primarily fill the role of provider of nursing care, educator, and advisor who also provides emotional support. The results of the research serve as informational material for patients in the predialysis program and as potential recommendations for nurses working in dialysis centers.
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Cerebral hypoxia in chronic kidney disease and its relation to cognitive decline
Kalendová, Lucie ; Malík, Jan (advisor) ; Bednářová, Vladimíra (referee) ; Janečková, Jana (referee)
Cerebral hypoxia in chronic kidney disease and its relation to cognitive decline Dissertation abstract - MUDr. Lucie Kalendová Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease in need of regular hemodialysis treatment have high rates of cognitive impairment. In its multifactorial etiology, vascular changes, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia play a major role. In our work we first studied the association between low cerebral oxygenation and cognitive impairment in this population. Subsequently, we focused on one of the possible etiological factors in this association - the presence of a vascular shunt for hemodialysis. Methods: Chronic hemodialysis patients without overt cognitive impairment participated in the studies. We used a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device named INVOS for monitoring cerebral oxygenation (rSO2). Cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). To assess the effect of vascular shunt, we performed an interventional study based on short-term ultrasound-confirmed manual compression with continuous monitoring of rSO2. Results: In 39 patients (49 % women, age 64 ± 14 years) we observed a significantly lower rSO2 in the subgroup presenting cognitive decline than in patients without this diagnosis (48 ± 9 vs. 57 ± 10; p = 0.01). The association remained...
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